In its latest World Economic Outlook report, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) said that it expects global economic growth will remain steady at last year’s rate of 3.7% for 2018-19 (Figure 1). This projection, in fact, has been revised down from the April estimate of 3.9% for the next two years. As an institution so often viewed as being overly pessimistic, the IMF has admitted that it was over-optimistic when it made the previous projection.

An array of economic data released in September has pointed to the possibility of a slower growth pattern in the Mainland economy (Figure 1). The most eye-catching data is regarding fixed asset investment, an important gauge of infrastructure spending. In the first eight months of 2018, year-on-year growth declined to a record low of 5.3%, compared to 7.8% during the same period last year.

The Hong Kong economy expanded by 3.5% year-on-year (in real terms) in the second quarter of 2018, following a 4.6% growth in the first quarter. It was also the seventh consecutive quarter of growth that was above the average annual growth rate of 2.7% over the past ten years (Figure 1).

The renminbi (RMB) has tumbled in recent months. Since the start of June, it has lost more than 5% against the greenback.

At its June meeting, the U.S. Federal Reserve is expected to raise interest rates by 25 basis points to a range of 1.75% to 2%, marking the seventh rate hike since December 2015. A common belief is that higher interest rates make a currency more attractive to investors, thereby pushing up the demand for the currency and thus its value.

Hong Kong’s economy got off to a vibrant start in 2018 with GDP growth of 4.7% over a year earlier, according to preliminary figures released on 11 May.

Hong Kong retailers have had a strong first quarter in 2018 with sales up 14.3% on the same period last year, according to figures released by the Census and Statistics Department on 3 May.

Businesses seeking to control their salary and other employee-related costs through discussions with other businesses are at risk of committing a serious infringement of the Competition Ordinance (CO), according to guidelines issued recently by Hong Kong’s Competition Commission.

Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell painted a relatively optimistic picture of the U.S. economy in his recent report to Congress, which markets interpreted as a hint that more interest rate hikes are on the cards. It was his first public appearance since he took over from Janet Yellen as head of the U.S. central bank in early February.