SPECIAL FEATURE
March 2004 Issue

Economic Ups and Downs
Bilateral
trade between France and Hong Kong has traditionally been a roller coaster ride, but the
HKSAR remains one of the country's most important markets, writes BRUNO CABRILLAC
In
2001, French exports to Hong Kong reached an historical peak, mainly due to the sale of
Airbus aeroplanes. The annual figures were hiding the slowdown registered throughout the
course of the last part of the year, which was confirmed in 2002 and 2003. Despite a
stabilisation during the second semester, French exports to Hong Kong decreased by 27
percent in 2002 (-5% excluding aeroplanes) and again by 4 percent in 2003. In 2001, Hong
Kong was France's twelfth largest customer in the world and second largest in Asia (before
China). In 2003 Hong Kong ranked, respectively, 24th and 3rd. Hence, the traditional trade
surplus France enjoyed with Hong Kong reached an historical peak in 2001 (HK$22.6 billion)
and then contracted sharply (HK$13.9 billion in 2003). However, it remained significant
(the 7th in the world, but down from 4th in 2001).
Following strong growth over
the first half of the 1990s, French exports to Hong Kong have fluctuated markedly. Between
1995 and 1997 there was a slight decline, which gained momentum in 1998 and 1999 due the
backlash of the Asian crisis. This started to recover in 2000, with 2001 being the peak
year at HK$27.4 billion.
The 2001 surge was mainly due
to the sale of Airbus aeroplanes, following two years without any deliveries.
Nevertheless, this good figure was hiding a downward trend over the second semester. As
such, the 2002 and 2003 French exports figures, which showed a sharp decline, confirm the
extraordinary feature of 2001. When compared to 2000, nevertheless, the 2002 and 2003
exports posted increases of 18 percent and 13 percent respectively.
Excluding aeronautic sales
(HK$3.5 billion in 2003), the results of which fluctuate considerably, the breakdown of
French exports to Hong Kong by sector is dominated by consumption goods at HK$6.1 billion,
or 31 percent of total French exports. The bulk of these come from garments and leather
goods (HK$3.6 billion), perfumes, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products (HK$1.1 billion).
Food and beverage exports (HK$ 1.4 billion) have suffered a steady decline over the '90s
and represented only 7 percent of French exports in 2003 (versus 20 percent in the early
'90s).
According to French
statistics, as a result of the decrease in French exports to Hong Kong in the last two
years, Hong Kong regressed to 24th position in France's 2003 client ranking worldwide
(from the 12th position in 2001). Hong Kong remains France's 3rd largest client in Asia,
behind Japan and China, yet France accounts for just 1 percent of Hong Kong's total
imports. French products' market share in Hong Kong is significantly lower than its share
of the world trade, which stood at 5 percent in 2003.
Hong
Kong exports to France recover
France's imports from Hong
Kong increased by 18 percent to HK$4.7 billion in 2003. Like exports, the trend of imports
from Hong Kong was uneven over the past years. France's imports from Hong Kong were on the
decline in the early 1990s, but started to rise in 1995 to HK$3.7 billion. This trend
accelerated for the rest of the 1990s to hit a record HK$5.8 billion in 2000, followed by
a decrease of -7 percent in 2001 and -14 percent in 2002.
The structure of these
imports has remained relatively stable over the last 10 years. Although they have
decreased in value, consumption goods represent a growing share of French imports from
Hong Kong and account for more than 50 percent of the trade flow (HK$3.1 billion, or 58
percent of 2003 French imports from Hong Kong versus 50 percent in 1999). In this product
category, clothes rank first accounting for 28 percent, followed by intermediary goods at
14 percent, which include mainly electronic and electrical components.
According to French
statistics, Hong Kong exports to France account for just 0.1 percent of imports to the
country. This meagre market share been constantly declining over the last decade due to
the relocation of most of Hong Kong's manufacturing activities to Mainland China and to
the diminishing share of Chinese exports to France transiting through Hong Kong.
Significant
trade surplus
In 2003, the surplus
generated for France by its bilateral trade with Hong Kong decreased to HK$13.9 billion
(from a peak of HK$22.6 billion in 2001). It represents the 7th bilateral
surplus for France worldwide.
Nevertheless, this structural
surplus must be related to a structural deficit of the bilateral trade between France and
Mainland China. Indeed, the share of French exports to China transiting through Hong Kong
is more important than the share of Chinese exports to France transiting through the SAR.
This divergence keeps increasing and distorts bilateral trade flows of France with Hong
Kong and Mainland China.
Bruno
Cabrillac is the Trade Commissioner (Economic and Commercial) at the Consulate General of
France in Hong Kong. He can be reached at, bruno.cabrillac@dree.org
French Firms
Play a Strong Role in Hong Kong
The first half
of 2003 was a major ordeal for Hong Kong's economy as the SARS outbreak cut into retail
sales, tourism and above all investors and consumer's confidence, interrupting a sharp
rebound in economic activity. Nevertheless, a few months after this crisis, Hong Kong
pulled through in good shape, with trade growth very robust and visitor arrivals climbing
to historical peaks. Once again, the Hong Kong economy, which has faced numerous crisis
since 1997, has demonstrated its unique resilience. Whoever would have bet against Hong
Kong would have lost.
And indeed, the
French business community did not bet against Hong Kong. According to a survey conducted
by the French Trade Commission in November 2003, the number of "French firms"
(including affiliates or representative offices of French companies and locally
incorporated companies controlled by a French national) in Hong Kong increased in 2003 by
8 percent compared to the previous year to reach 450.
According to the
annual survey by the Census and Statistic Department, the French business community is, by
the number of firms, the sixth largest foreign business community in Hong Kong, behind
Japan, the United States, Mainland China, the United Kingdom and Germany. The French
business community in Hong Kong is also the largest French business community in
continental Asia.
Most of these
entities have been created in the last 20 years -- roughly a third of them by young French
entrepreneurs. The majority of them are working not only on developing the local market
but also on the natural hinterland of Hong Kong, namely southern China and, notably, the
Guangdong Province. In addition, a significant number of these firms are utilizing Hong
Kong as their regional centre. The "French firms," including affiliates or
representative offices of French companies, play a significant weight in the Hong Kong
economy, employing around 28,000 people, a little bit less than 1 percent of the working
population.
French financial
institutions are among the major foreign players that make up the financial centre of Hong
Kong. The three largest French banks: BNP/Paribas, Crédit Agricole Indosuez, now
merged with Crédit Lyonnais to form "CALYON" bank and Société
Générale, have in Hong Kong a full range of activities: credit, trade
finance, investment banking, brokerage, investment banking, asset management.
Two years ago,
the largest French insurer AXA, which has more than 1 million clients in Hong Kong,
decided to set up here a regional platform for life insurance. French building companies
(Dragages, Vinci, Bachy-Soletanche...) have participated in many infrastructure or
building projects here, including tunnels, bridges, railways or underground lines, and
skyscrapers.
The
international airport, the International Exhibition Centre, or the older, but very famous
biggest escalator made by CNIM, are reminders of French firm_s participation in Hong Kong.
We could also mention Alstom, which provides transport and power plant equipment, or Suez
and Veolia which specialise in public utilities. And last but not the least, it is
needless to mention the French luxury brands as you cannot go shopping in the Hong Kong
malls without noticing them. |
Le French May 2004
France's
largest cultural festival in Asia kicks off in May and will showcase some of the country's
finest artistes, writes SARAH GOETTELMANN
Le
French May has come a long way since its inception in 1993, with the annual event
achieving growing success and popularity. Today, the event is the largest French arts
festival held in the Asia-Pacific region, and one of Hong Kong's major cultural events.
Organized by the
Consulate General of France in collaboration with the Alliance Francaise, Le French May
has presented more than 200 events over its 11-year history of the highest international
standard. These span a wide spectrum of disciplines, including exhibitions (visual arts,
photography, architecture, video), concerts (classical and modern music, rock, jazz,
electronic music), performing arts (classical ballet, contemporary dance, street
performance, theatre, mime) and cinema.
In line with
previous editions, Le French May 2004 has lined up an exciting programme of events. As
usual, the selection aims to achieve a balance between the presentation of French cultural
heritage and contemporary creation to offer the best of French culture to the Hong Kong
audience.
Among the 20
events to be presented this year, there will be a special focus on dance with three
different companies. These include the contemporary dance performance "Rave" by
Ballet de Lorraine, and for the first time ever in Hong Kong the festival will showcase
the opera "Samson & Delilah" in a multimedia concept version. Other
highlights include the film festival "Paris! Paris!", piano performances by the
famous Augustin Dumay with the Hong Kong Sinfonietta, as well as a wide spectrum of
exhibitions covering painting, photography, design, and video installation.
While Le French
May's audience has been growing and diversifying in the past few years, the ambition of
this year's festival and those to come is to reach ever larger sections of the community.
The 2004 programmes have been selected to make Le French May more accessible and enjoyable
by people from all walks of life.
For
more information on Le French May, visit www.frenchmay.com.
Sarah
Goettelmann is the Cultural Attache of the Cultural Attache Consulate General of France in
Hong Kong. She can be reached at, sarah.goettelmann@consulfrance-hongkong.org |
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