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SPECIAL FEATURE                                                     March 2004 Issue


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Economic Ups and Downs

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Bilateral trade between France and Hong Kong has traditionally been a roller coaster ride, but the HKSAR remains one of the country's most important markets, writes BRUNO CABRILLAC

In 2001, French exports to Hong Kong reached an historical peak, mainly due to the sale of Airbus aeroplanes. The annual figures were hiding the slowdown registered throughout the course of the last part of the year, which was confirmed in 2002 and 2003. Despite a stabilisation during the second semester, French exports to Hong Kong decreased by 27 percent in 2002 (-5% excluding aeroplanes) and again by 4 percent in 2003. In 2001, Hong Kong was France's twelfth largest customer in the world and second largest in Asia (before China). In 2003 Hong Kong ranked, respectively, 24th and 3rd. Hence, the traditional trade surplus France enjoyed with Hong Kong reached an historical peak in 2001 (HK$22.6 billion) and then contracted sharply (HK$13.9 billion in 2003). However, it remained significant (the 7th in the world, but down from 4th in 2001).

Following strong growth over the first half of the 1990s, French exports to Hong Kong have fluctuated markedly. Between 1995 and 1997 there was a slight decline, which gained momentum in 1998 and 1999 due the backlash of the Asian crisis. This started to recover in 2000, with 2001 being the peak year at HK$27.4 billion.

The 2001 surge was mainly due to the sale of Airbus aeroplanes, following two years without any deliveries. Nevertheless, this good figure was hiding a downward trend over the second semester. As such, the 2002 and 2003 French exports figures, which showed a sharp decline, confirm the extraordinary feature of 2001. When compared to 2000, nevertheless, the 2002 and 2003 exports posted increases of 18 percent and 13 percent respectively.

Excluding aeronautic sales (HK$3.5 billion in 2003), the results of which fluctuate considerably, the breakdown of French exports to Hong Kong by sector is dominated by consumption goods at HK$6.1 billion, or 31 percent of total French exports. The bulk of these come from garments and leather goods (HK$3.6 billion), perfumes, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products (HK$1.1 billion). Food and beverage exports (HK$ 1.4 billion) have suffered a steady decline over the '90s and represented only 7 percent of French exports in 2003 (versus 20 percent in the early '90s).

According to French statistics, as a result of the decrease in French exports to Hong Kong in the last two years, Hong Kong regressed to 24th position in France's 2003 client ranking worldwide (from the 12th position in 2001). Hong Kong remains France's 3rd largest client in Asia, behind Japan and China, yet France accounts for just 1 percent of Hong Kong's total imports. French products' market share in Hong Kong is significantly lower than its share of the world trade, which stood at 5 percent in 2003.

Hong Kong exports to France recover

France's imports from Hong Kong increased by 18 percent to HK$4.7 billion in 2003. Like exports, the trend of imports from Hong Kong was uneven over the past years. France's imports from Hong Kong were on the decline in the early 1990s, but started to rise in 1995 to HK$3.7 billion. This trend accelerated for the rest of the 1990s to hit a record HK$5.8 billion in 2000, followed by a decrease of -7 percent in 2001 and -14 percent in 2002.

The structure of these imports has remained relatively stable over the last 10 years. Although they have decreased in value, consumption goods represent a growing share of French imports from Hong Kong and account for more than 50 percent of the trade flow (HK$3.1 billion, or 58 percent of 2003 French imports from Hong Kong versus 50 percent in 1999). In this product category, clothes rank first accounting for 28 percent, followed by intermediary goods at 14 percent, which include mainly electronic and electrical components.

According to French statistics, Hong Kong exports to France account for just 0.1 percent of imports to the country. This meagre market share been constantly declining over the last decade due to the relocation of most of Hong Kong's manufacturing activities to Mainland China and to the diminishing share of Chinese exports to France transiting through Hong Kong.

Significant trade surplus

In 2003, the surplus generated for France by its bilateral trade with Hong Kong decreased to HK$13.9 billion (from a peak of HK$22.6 billion in 2001). It represents the 7th bilateral surplus for France worldwide.

Nevertheless, this structural surplus must be related to a structural deficit of the bilateral trade between France and Mainland China. Indeed, the share of French exports to China transiting through Hong Kong is more important than the share of Chinese exports to France transiting through the SAR. This divergence keeps increasing and distorts bilateral trade flows of France with Hong Kong and Mainland China.

Bruno Cabrillac is the Trade Commissioner (Economic and Commercial) at the Consulate General of France in Hong Kong. He can be reached at, bruno.cabrillac@dree.org

French Firms Play a Strong Role in Hong Kong

The first half of 2003 was a major ordeal for Hong Kong's economy as the SARS outbreak cut into retail sales, tourism and above all investors and consumer's confidence, interrupting a sharp rebound in economic activity. Nevertheless, a few months after this crisis, Hong Kong pulled through in good shape, with trade growth very robust and visitor arrivals climbing to historical peaks. Once again, the Hong Kong economy, which has faced numerous crisis since 1997, has demonstrated its unique resilience. Whoever would have bet against Hong Kong would have lost.

And indeed, the French business community did not bet against Hong Kong. According to a survey conducted by the French Trade Commission in November 2003, the number of "French firms" (including affiliates or representative offices of French companies and locally incorporated companies controlled by a French national) in Hong Kong increased in 2003 by 8 percent compared to the previous year to reach 450.

According to the annual survey by the Census and Statistic Department, the French business community is, by the number of firms, the sixth largest foreign business community in Hong Kong, behind Japan, the United States, Mainland China, the United Kingdom and Germany. The French business community in Hong Kong is also the largest French business community in continental Asia.

Most of these entities have been created in the last 20 years -- roughly a third of them by young French entrepreneurs. The majority of them are working not only on developing the local market but also on the natural hinterland of Hong Kong, namely southern China and, notably, the Guangdong Province. In addition, a significant number of these firms are utilizing Hong Kong as their regional centre. The "French firms," including affiliates or representative offices of French companies, play a significant weight in the Hong Kong economy, employing around 28,000 people, a little bit less than 1 percent of the working population.

French financial institutions are among the major foreign players that make up the financial centre of Hong Kong. The three largest French banks: BNP/Paribas, Crédit Agricole Indosuez, now merged with Crédit Lyonnais to form "CALYON" bank and Société Générale, have in Hong Kong a full range of activities: credit, trade finance, investment banking, brokerage, investment banking, asset management.

Two years ago, the largest French insurer AXA, which has more than 1 million clients in Hong Kong, decided to set up here a regional platform for life insurance. French building companies (Dragages, Vinci, Bachy-Soletanche...) have participated in many infrastructure or building projects here, including tunnels, bridges, railways or underground lines, and skyscrapers.

The international airport, the International Exhibition Centre, or the older, but very famous biggest escalator made by CNIM, are reminders of French firm_s participation in Hong Kong. We could also mention Alstom, which provides transport and power plant equipment, or Suez and Veolia which specialise in public utilities. And last but not the least, it is needless to mention the French luxury brands as you cannot go shopping in the Hong Kong malls without noticing them.

 

france2.jpg (29477 bytes)Le French May 2004

France's largest cultural festival in Asia kicks off in May and will showcase some of the country's finest artistes, writes SARAH GOETTELMANN

Le French May has come a long way since its inception in 1993, with the annual event achieving growing success and popularity. Today, the event is the largest French arts festival held in the Asia-Pacific region, and one of Hong Kong's major cultural events.

Organized by the Consulate General of France in collaboration with the Alliance Francaise, Le French May has presented more than 200 events over its 11-year history of the highest international standard. These span a wide spectrum of disciplines, including exhibitions (visual arts, photography, architecture, video), concerts (classical and modern music, rock, jazz, electronic music), performing arts (classical ballet, contemporary dance, street performance, theatre, mime) and cinema.

In line with previous editions, Le French May 2004 has lined up an exciting programme of events. As usual, the selection aims to achieve a balance between the presentation of French cultural heritage and contemporary creation to offer the best of French culture to the Hong Kong audience.

Among the 20 events to be presented this year, there will be a special focus on dance with three different companies. These include the contemporary dance performance "Rave" by Ballet de Lorraine, and for the first time ever in Hong Kong the festival will showcase the opera "Samson & Delilah" in a multimedia concept version. Other highlights include the film festival "Paris! Paris!", piano performances by the famous Augustin Dumay with the Hong Kong Sinfonietta, as well as a wide spectrum of exhibitions covering painting, photography, design, and video installation.

While Le French May's audience has been growing and diversifying in the past few years, the ambition of this year's festival and those to come is to reach ever larger sections of the community. The 2004 programmes have been selected to make Le French May more accessible and enjoyable by people from all walks of life.

For more information on Le French May, visit www.frenchmay.com.

Sarah Goettelmann is the Cultural Attache of the Cultural Attache Consulate General of France in Hong Kong. She can be reached at, sarah.goettelmann@consulfrance-hongkong.org

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